Pronunciation Roots:
The basic set of consonants common to most Indian languages have been categorized according to their source in the body. (Throat, Palate, teeth, lips etc.) The 5 Varga (groups) are: ka, kha ga, gha, gn; ch, cha, ja, jha, yn, t, th, d, dh, n; T, Th, D, Dh, N; and p, ph, b, bh, m. In each Varga the last consonant is nasal. When an Anuswar (n / m) preceedes a consonant, it represents the nasal sound of that Varga.
Thus the words: anga, sanchit, santha, aNDa, amba. Similar pronunciation is seen in English: anguish, puncture, anthropology, aND, ambiguity.
Nasal sound before hard D, T is pronunced as hard N: as in Andrew, saint, sand, wand. Nasal sound before soft d, t is pronunced as soft n: as in synthesis. Nasal sound before before g is pronunced as: song, single, swing, anger. Nasal sound before b, p is pronounced as m: as in amplify, symbiosys, simple.
Me and mine ...
Sanskrit |
English |
ma |
me |
swa |
self |
tva |
thou, you |
matru |
mother |
pitru |
fater (pater) |
bhraatra |
brother |
swasar |
sister |
suunu |
son |
duhiter |
daughter |
Geometry ...
kon (angle) |
octa-gon, penta-gon (8 angled, 5 angled etc.) |
miti (measure) |
metric, meter, measure (latin metiri) |
tri-kona-miti |
trignometry |
gouh (earth) |
geometry, geography (greek geos) |
lok (place) |
location, locus, locale |
tatra |
there |
Numbers ...
ek (one or same) |
equal |
dvi (two) |
duet, dual, double, duo |
tri (three) |
three, triple |
chatur (four) |
quarter, quarternary, quadrate |
panch (five) |
pentagon |
sapta (seven) |
septulets, septagon |
ashta (eight) |
eight, octagon |
nav |
nine |
dasha (ten) |
decagon, decade |
shatam (hundred) |
century, centipede (latin centum) |
|
Prefixes and postfixes:
The postfix 'er' in words like: sonar, kumbhar etc. indicate the occupation. Same postfix is seen in English: teacher, farmer, worker etc. indicate the occupation. The prefix 'a' makes opposties meaning. Example: mruta-amruta, karma-akarma, swacha-aswacha.
Mind and Body:
manav |
man, men |
yuva |
youth, young |
manas |
mind, mental |
mukh (face) |
Mouth (old english muth) |
kapal (head) |
as in per "capita", captain, capital |
bhru |
brow |
akshi (eye) |
occipital, occular |
nasika |
nose, nostril, nasal |
danta (tooth) |
dental, denture |
hrid |
heart |
janu |
knee (french genou) |
pad (feet) |
pedicure, pedestrian, centipede |
sweda |
sweat |
Actions ...
asti |
ist, is (greek esti) |
bandha (bind) |
bind, bandage |
ga |
go |
gam |
come |
hanta (kill) |
hunt |
hara (destroy) |
harass |
iccha, isha (to wish) |
wish |
jan (produce offspring, born) |
generate, genocide |
kath (say, talk) |
quote |
Others ...
antar |
inter-national, interior |
madhya |
middle, mediocre, moderate |
ant |
end |
dama (home) |
domicile, domestic |
dana |
donate |
dev (god) |
divine |
dwar |
door |
gow |
cow |
kaal (time) |
calendar (latin kalendae) |
maas (month) |
month |
mooshak |
mouse |
mruta (death) |
mortal, murder, mortuary (latin mortalis) |
na |
no |
nawa |
new |
path |
path |
raaj (king, rule) |
rich, regal, regulate |
sama |
same |
sarpa |
serpent |
sharkara |
saccharin, sucrose, sugar |
smit |
smile |
swadu |
sweet |
taru |
tree |
tat |
that |
vak, vaacha |
voice, vocal |
vastra (clothing) |
vestura |
veda, vidya (from vid) (knowledge) |
wit, wise (from vid) | |